October - December 2022, Volume 18, Issue 4

Unal MC, Gungor Semiz G, Ozdogan O, Altay C, Caliskan Yildirim E, Semiz HS, Comlekci A, Akinci B

Nivolumab Associated Endocrine Abnormalities: Challenging Cases from a Reference Clinic

Acta Endo (Buc) 2022, 18 (4): 516-522
doi: 10.4183/aeb.2022.516

Background. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment of advanced cancers. Antibodies directed against programmed cell death receptor 1 (PD-1) interrupt the ability of the cancerous cell to depress the immune system. Methods and results. We report three patients who developed different endocrine abnormalities after treatment with nivolumab, a monoclonal antibody directed against PD-1. First, we report a 76-year-old male presenting with generalized fat loss after treatment with nivolumab which predominantly affected his face and trunk. Second, we described the development of thyroiditis that presented with thyrotoxicosis and the expression of thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor antibodies (TRAb). Finally, we observed the emergence of adrenal insufficiency due to hypophysitis in another case. Conclusion. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors are an effective anticancer treatment modality, adverse effects are evident that can affect the endocrine system. These adverse events may relate to different endocrine systems that include the thyroid and pituitary glands. Also, acquired generalized lipodystrophy should be suspected in patients developing unusual fat loss after treatment with ICIs.

Keywords: nivolumab, lipodystrophy, hypophysitis, adrenal insufficiency, thyroiditis, Grave’s disease.

Correspondence: Mehmet Çagri Ünal MD, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine - Endocrinology and Metabolism, Inciralti Mahallesi Mithatpasa cad. no:1606, Izmir, 35340, Turkey, E-mail: munalcagri@gmail.com