April - June 2025, Volume 21, Issue 2

Alfares K

Clinical And Historical Predictors of Glycemic Control in Type 1 Diabetes Patients Using Automated Insulin Delivery (Aid) Systems: A Retrospective Analysis

Acta Endo (Buc) 2025, 21 (2): 234-238
doi: 10.4183/aeb.2025.234

Background and Objectives. Achieving optimal glycemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) remains challenging despite the use of automated insulin delivery (AID) systems. This study evaluated glycemic outcomes and factors associated with poor control among T1DM patients using AID. Patients and Methods. A descriptive crosssectional study was conducted among 23 patients with T1DM. Data included demographics, age at diagnosis, duration of AID use, hospitalization, and HbA1c levels. Glycemic control was classified as good (<7%) or poor (≥7%) according to ADA guidelines. Results. Participants were predominantly adults (82.6%), with a mean age of 23.9 ± 7.6 years, and mostly female (73.9%). The mean age at diagnosis was 10.3 ± 6.0 years. Poor glycemic control was observed in 78.3% of patients, with a mean HbA1c of 8.0 ± 1.7%. Better control was significantly associated with older age at diagnosis and AID use for 6–12 months (p < 0.05). HbA1c showed no significant correlations with age, age at diagnosis, or AID duration. Logistic regression identified younger age at diagnosis as the only independent predictor of poor glycemic control. Conclusion. Suboptimal glycemic control remains common among T1DM patients using AID systems. Early age at diagnosis is a key risk factor for poor outcomes.

Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, AID systems, glycemic control, HbA1c, predictors of poor control, Saudi Arabia.

Correspondence: Khalid Alfares MD, King Abdulaziz University, Abdullah Alsulayman street, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia, E-mail: kalfares@kau.edu.sa