ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUC)

Objective. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is important in the treatment and regulation of diabetic patients. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of medical nutrition therapy on Pentraxin-3, hsCRP and body composition analysis in Type 2 diabetes patients (DM). Methods. This study included 160 individuals who were admitted and diagnosed with Type 2 DM. Laboratory, clinical, anthropometric and body composition parameters were obtained 3 months after baseline evaluation of the patients and the MNT was given by the dietitian. Results. After 3 months MNT, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat weight, body fat ratio and visceral fat area (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.001), insulin (p=0.033), HOMA index (p=0.004), HbA1c (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.001), LDL (p=0.008), ALT (p<0.001) and hsCRP (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower than they were before MNT. There wasn’t significant difference in triglyceride (p=0.509), HDL (p=0.079), Pentraxin-3 (p=0.706) levels and waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.802). The level of Framingham risk score after MNT was significantly lower (p<0.001). Conclusion. In this study, it was cocluded that MNT, applied to patients with Type 2 DM decreased cardiovascular risk and inflammation, contributed to the maintenance of glycemic control, and a significantly improved the body composition.

Objective. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is defined as glucose intolerance that\r\nis detected for the first time during pregnancy. Normal pregnancy induces insulin resistance\r\nthrough the diabetogenic effects of placental hormones. Glucose tolerance test results in\r\ntwin and singleton pregnancies were compared in this study.\r\nSubjects and Methods. A total of 360 pregnant women were studied. 200 women\r\n(mean age 31.60?2.10 yr) had singleton pregnancies (Group I) and 160 women (mean age\r\n28.20?2.70 yr) had twin pregnancies (Group II). 50- g, 1- hour glucose tolerance test was\r\nconducted on the first prenatal visit. An abnormal glucose screen defined as glucose > 140\r\nmg/dL was followed by a 100g, 3-hour glucose tolerance test. Gestational diabetes was\r\ndefined as the presence of two or more abnormal values during the 3-hour test.\r\nResults. Gestational diabetes was found in 4 of the 200 (2%) singleton pregnant\r\nwomen and 8 of the 160 (5%) twin pregnant women. Group I (Singleton) was further\r\ndivided into two subgroups according to whether the 1-hr plasma glucose level was < 140\r\nmg/dl (Group Ia) or >140 mg/dL (Group Ib). Likewise, Group II pregnancies was also\r\ndivided into two subgoups on the same basis. Mean screening test glucose levels were found\r\nto be 127.8?14.94 mg/dL in Group Ia and 150.8 ? 18.1 mg/dL in Group Ib women. Mean\r\nscreening test glucose levels of Group IIa subjects was 92.80 ? 18.30 mg/dL while that of\r\nGroup IIb subjects was 154.8 ? 27.0 mg/dL. Mean 1st h glucose levels of 100-g glucose\r\ntolerance test was found to be 131.4 ? 32.58 mg/dL in Group I, and 112.5 ? 39.6 mg/dL in\r\nGroup II. Mean 2nd h glucose tolerance test values were 133.2 ? 28.8 mg/dL in Group I and\r\n100.6?28.8 mg/dL in Group II. Mean 3rd h glucose tolerance test values were 107.6 ? 23.58\r\nmg/dl in Group I and 72?16.9 mg/dL in Group II.\r\nConclusion: Glucose screening results and 100-g, 3- hour glucose tolerance test\r\nvalues have been found to be lower in twin pregnancies than in singleton pregnancies.\r\nTherefore, we suggest that these findings be taken into account in developing diagnostic\r\ncriteria for gestational diabetes in twin or more pregnancies.

Objective. This study aimed to evaluate the utility of C-peptide levels in the differentiation of monogenic forms of diabetes from type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in clinical practice. Subjects and Methods. A total of 104 patients aged >16 who visited the Dicle University’s Faculty of Medicine between April 2011 and December 2020 and were diagnosed with monogenic diabetes by genetic analysis or with T1DM and T2DM were randomly selected for retrospective evaluation. The C-peptide levels of these patients at the time of diagnosis of diabetes were compared. Results. Of the 104 patients, 24 (23%) were diagnosed with maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY), 40 (38.5%) with T1DM, and 40 (38.5%) with T2DM. Median C-peptide levels (ng/mL) (interquartile range) were 1.78 (1.24–2.88) in MODY group, 0.86 (0.34– 1.22) in T1DM group, and 2.38 (1.58–4.27) in T2DM group. Conclusions. There was a difference in C-peptide levels between MODY and T1DM groups but not between MODY and T2DM groups. As per clinical evaluations, although C-peptide levels of patients with MODY are similar to those of patients with T2DM patients, the possibility of C-peptide levels being similar to those required for T1DM diagnosis should also be considered.

Obesity involves both genetic and environmentl influences, but the mechanisms of the genetic effects are not well understood.\r\nObjective. The aims of the study were to investigate the frequency of perilipin gene polymorphism in order to identify the relationship between insulin resistance and gene polymorphism in obese women.\r\nSubjects and methods. Study population included 31 obese women and 10 women with normal weight as a control group. All of the entire coding exons of PLIN gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Insulin resistance (IR) was estimated using the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR).\r\nResults. In the obese group, 29 (93.6%) patients were homozygous and 1 patients (3.2%) was heterozygous for the c.580C>.G (p.Pro194A1a)(rs. 6496589) mutation and 1 patient (3.2%) was Pro194A1a. Homozygous. Val156Leu. Heterozygous mutation at exon 5 at PLIN gene (p=0.072). As for exon 8 at PLIN gene in obese group, 6 patients (19.3%) had heterozygous for the c.1113T>C (Pro371Pro) (rs2304796) mutation, and 12 patients (38.7%) had heterozygous for the c.1113T>C and c.1119C>T (p. Val373Val) (rs2304795) mutation, and 4 patients (12.9%) had homozygous for the c.113T>C and c.1119C>T mutatons (p=0.009). In obese patients with no nucleotide substitution at exon 8, mean levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressures were higher than those of obese subjects with gene polymorphism. However, there were no statistically significant differences for HOMA-IR levels between obese women with and without perilipin gene polymorphism.\r\nConclusions: Perilipin gene polymorphisms such as heterozygous and homozygous for the c.1113T>C and c. 1119C>T (rs2304795) at exon 8 were associated with obesity risk. However, no relationship was found between insulin resistance and polymorphisms of perilipin gene in obese women.