ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUC)

Introduction. Even if the last decade brings new information about the existence of the local pulmonary renin-angiotensin system (RAS), published results about its involvement in the progression of various pulmonary diseases remain contradictory. Methods. Using an experimental model of pulmonary allergic disease induced by ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization we studied effects of intratracheal (i.t.) administrated AT1 receptor blocker losartan (LOS) on inflammatory processes supposed to be mediated by pulmonary RAS. Alterations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cellularity and variations of airway reactivity from OVA sensitized and challenged rats after LOS or vehicle i.t. instillation were comparatively assessed. Results. Blocking of RAS decreased the total BALF cellularity and polymorphonuclear cell count. LOS instillation also reduced the increases in specific airway resistance (sRaw) induced by inhalation of allergen (with 20%) or acetylcholine (with at least 15%). Conclusions. Our data suggest that expressly blocking of local RAS by i.t. administration of LOS have inhibitory effects on allergen - induced lung inflammation and sustain the participation of pulmonary RAS, activated by local or systemic factors, in lung diseases.

Objective. Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) is important in the treatment and regulation of diabetic patients. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of medical nutrition therapy on Pentraxin-3, hsCRP and body composition analysis in Type 2 diabetes patients (DM). Methods. This study included 160 individuals who were admitted and diagnosed with Type 2 DM. Laboratory, clinical, anthropometric and body composition parameters were obtained 3 months after baseline evaluation of the patients and the MNT was given by the dietitian. Results. After 3 months MNT, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, body fat weight, body fat ratio and visceral fat area (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.001), insulin (p=0.033), HOMA index (p=0.004), HbA1c (p<0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.001), LDL (p=0.008), ALT (p<0.001) and hsCRP (p<0.001) levels were significantly lower than they were before MNT. There wasn’t significant difference in triglyceride (p=0.509), HDL (p=0.079), Pentraxin-3 (p=0.706) levels and waist-to-hip ratio (p=0.802). The level of Framingham risk score after MNT was significantly lower (p<0.001). Conclusion. In this study, it was cocluded that MNT, applied to patients with Type 2 DM decreased cardiovascular risk and inflammation, contributed to the maintenance of glycemic control, and a significantly improved the body composition.

Background. Weight loss associated with long-term lifestyle changes has significant beneficial effects on metabolic syndrome (MetS) features on obese patients; unfortunately, the weight recidivism rate is high and the weight fluctuations could increase the cardiovascular and metabolic risk. On the other hand, there are many data about the endocrine role of adipose tissue. Objective. Taking into account the imbalance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines secreted by adipose tissue on obese patients, this study assessed the effects of one month-long supervised lifestyle change (SLC) program without weight loss on the MetS-associated inflammatory status. Methods. The study included 29 obese adults with MetS. The SLC program included supervised moderate physical activities and diet for one month. The levels of adipocytokines, lipids and inflammatory markers were analyzed before and after one month SLC program, and 2 months later at follow-up. Results. At follow-up, the leptin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and hsCRP levels decreased, whereas the interleukin-4 (IL-4) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels increased from their baseline levels. So, an SLC program, even in the absence of weight loss, could have an extended antiinflammatory effect by decreasing the proinflammatory adipocytokines. Conclusion. Our data furthermore emphasize the importance of the adipocytokines gender-related variation for a more personalized evaluation protocol on obese patients.

Background: Published data sustain the participation of vascular renin angiotensin system (RAS) on alteration of pulmonary vessels reactivity during the allergic airway inflammation. Ghrelin is a growth hormone-releasing peptide involved in modulation of immune function.\r\nObjective: This study aims to investigate the interaction between ghrelin and local RAS from rat pulmonary vessels during ovalbumin ? induced allergic airway disease. Methods: The angiotensinogen (AGT) ? induced contractions were assessed on isolated pulmonary artery and veins from ovalbumin sensitized rats receiving either saline (OSR) or ghrelin (OSG) by endotracheal instillation. Experiments were performed in the absence or the presence of losartan, D-ALA7, chymostatin and N&#969;-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME).\r\nResults: The AGT contractile effects mediated by AT1 receptors were lower with at least 25% on vessels from OSG than from OSR. The D-ALA7 and L-NAME significantly increases the AGT ? induced contraction on OSG. The amount of nitric oxide released after stimulation with AGT is higher on OSG and it is blocked by D-ALA7.\r\nConclusion: Our results suggested that pulmonary delivery of ghrelin could modulate the local RAS from pulmonary vessels by promoted the angiotensin 1-7 mediated effects. These data sustained the existence of another possible way for ghrelin?s beneficial effects on the lung.

Published data sustain the involvement of diet on pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases.\r\nAim. To determine if the high fat diet (HFD), in the absence of obesity, could modulate the altered pulmonary arteries\r\nreactivity associated to allergic lung diseases.\r\nMaterials and Methods. Obese resistant rats were divided into 2 groups: standard chow diet and HFD. Randomly chosen rats from both groups were sensitized against ovalbumin. The histological aspect and reactivity of pulmonary arteries were comparatively assessed. Taking into account the involvement of adipokines on obesity associated vascular reactivity alteration we also studied the vasomotor effects of few adipokines on pulmonary vessels.\r\nResults. Lung histological examination revealed that HFD aggravated the remodelling of pulmonary arteries and\r\ninflammation of lung parenchyma. The HFD amplified the phenylephrine - induced contractions. Angiotensinogen amplified and apelin inhibited the Phe contractile effects on sensitized HFD fed rats.\r\nConclusion.These effects could be at least mediated, by both the alteration of adipokines vasomotor effects and\r\ninflammation associated to pulmonary allergic disease.