ACTA ENDOCRINOLOGICA (BUC)

Background & Aims. Results from observational studies on low carbohydrate and high protein (LCHP) diets on all-cause mortality and cause-specific mortality are inconsistent. The objective of the present meta-analysis was to investigate LCHP diets and mortality, and cause-specific mortality. Methods. Medline, EMBASE and web of science database were searched for cohort studies published from January 2000 to April 2013. A database was developed on the basis of 7 cohorts from 6 studies, including 279,332 individuals with an average 13.2 years of follow-up. Results. A significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality was observed among those who adhere to LCHP diets [(HR (95% CI): 1.06 (1.04, 1.09); p = 0.001; I2 = 8.2% (p = 0.336)]. However, there were no significant associations between LCHP diets and mortalities from cancer [(HR (95% CI): 1.02 (0.98, 1.05); p = 0.097; I2 = 59.9% (p = 0.041)] and CVD [(HR (95% CI): 1.01 (0.98, 1.03); p = 0.428; I2 = 24.0% (p = 0.0.254)]. Furthermore, a significantly decreased risk of all-cause mortality among those who adhere to high carbohydrate diets [(HR (95% CI): 0.97 (0.94, 0.98); p <0.001; I2 = 5.7% (p = 0.364)] was observed. Conclusion. Present results support that long-term LCHP diets could cause increased mortality of all-cause, while high carbohydrate diets have a protective effect for all-cause mortality. Our analysis provides health professionals with an incentive to pay attention to the adverse effects of LCHP diets on health.

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Aims. To investigate the changes in the miRNAs and mRNAs expressed in the liver upon induction of “hyperresistinemia”. Methods. We identified mRNA and miRNAs that were differentially expressed between normal and resistin-treated liver tissue using microarrays. Expression was validated using quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). The putative targets and pathways of the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were investigated, respectively, using various computational algorithms. In addition, the interactions between differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs were analyzed. Results. After the filtration of the signals below the threshold level, we identified 34 miRNAs and 875 genes with expression levels different by more than 1.5-fold and 2.0-fold, respectively, between the two groups. These observations were confirmed by qRT-PCR. Bidirectional prediction analyses showed that the differentially expressed miRNAs may be inversely regulated by their predicted targets. Conclusion. Hyperresistinemia results in changes in the miRNAs and mRNAs expressed in the liver.

Background. To evaluate iodine status and the prevalence of thyroid disorders in different populations of Zhoushan Island, China.\r\nMethods. A total of 3284 inhabitants of Zhoushan Island were surveyed, including 1389 urban residents, 737 salt workers, 502 peasants, 362 fishermen, and 294 monks from Mount Putuo. All subjects, except for salt workers, consumed iodized salt. A thyroid ultrasound was performed and serum levels of\r\nthyroid hormones and thyroid peroxidase antibody were measured.\r\nResults. The median urinary iodine concentration was significantly higher in subjects who consumed iodized salt than in those who consumed non-iodized salt. No significant differences were noted in the prevalence of thyroid ultrasound abnormalities and functional thyroid disorders between subjects who consumed non-iodized and iodized salt except between salt workers and monks from Mount Putuo. The prevalence of thyroid ultrasound abnormalities differed\r\nsignificantly between males and females and was positively correlated with advanced age (r=0.212, P<0.001).\r\nConclusions. Iodine intake is considered adequate, more than adequate, or excessive amongst the study populations. The\r\nprevalence of both thyroid ultrasound abnormalities and functional thyroid disorders is extremely high in Zhoushan Island. Advanced age and female gender are significant predictors of thyroid ultrasound abnormalities.

No inheritance of early-onset female-related type 2 diabetes was reported within Chinese families. In this study, we aim to describe the inheritance pattern of type 2 diabetes in a 3-generation family and identify the gene responsible for type 2 diabetes. Genome-wide multipoint parametric linkage analysis revealed a maximum multipoint logarithm of odds (lod) score of 2.1 for a locus being associated with type 2 diabetes in this family on chromosome 20p11.2-12 between 23.5~30.8cM. Type 2 diabetes may be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait with a high female-related penetrance in this family. Here we describe the first genetic locus for type 2 diabetes at chromosome 20p11.2-12. This region contains 8 known or predicted genes (PLCB1, PLCB4, LAMP5, PAK7, ANKEF1, SNAP25, SLX4IP, and JAG1). Gene SNAP25 which linked to energy or glucose homeostasis associated phenotypes may play a role in the development of type 2 diabetes in this family.